Sunday, August 17, 2008

Treaty of Amritsar, 1846“Treaty Btween the British Government and Mhaaraja Gulab Singh Jummoo”

The text of treaty reads as follow:Treaty of Amritsar, 1846“Treaty Btween the British Government and Mhaaraja Gulab Singh Jummoo”. Done at Amritsar, 16th March, 1846“Article IThe British Government and makes over for ever, in independent possessiion, to Maharaja Gulab Singh and the heirs male of his body, all the hilly or the mountainMountainous country, situated to the eastwards of the river Indus and the westward of the River Ravee, including Chamb and excluding Lahul, being part of terrorists ceded to the British government by the Lahore State, according to the provisions of Article IV, of the Treaty of Lahore, dated 9th of March, 1846.Article IIThe Eastern boundary of the tract transferred by the foregong article to Maharaja Gulab Singh shall be laid down by the commissioner appointed by the British government and Maharaja Golab singh respectively for the purpose, and shall be defined in a separate engagement after survey.Article IIIIN consideration of the transfer made to him and is heirs by the provision of the foregoing Articles, Maharaj Gulab Singh will pay to the British Government the sum of Rupees (annukshahee) fifty lakhs to be paid on rectification of this treaty and twenty five lakhs on or before the fist October of the current year A.D. 1846.The limits of the territories of Mahajraj Gulab Singh shall not be at any time changed without the concurrence of the British Government.Article VMaharaja Gulab Singh will refer to the arbitration of the British Government any disputes or questions that may arise between himself and the Government of Lahore or any to the neighboring State and will abide by the decision of the British Government.Article VIMaharaj Gulab Singh engages for himself and heirs to join, with the whole of military force, the British troops, when employed within the hills or in the territories adjoining his possessions. Article VIIMaharaja Gulab Singh engages never to take or retain in his service, any British subject, nor the subject of any European or American State, without the consent of the British Government.Article VIIIMaharaja Gulab Singh engages to respect, in regard to the territory transferred to him, the provisions of Article V, VI and VII of the separate engagement between the British Government and the Lahore Durbar, dated March 11, 1846.
Article IXThe British Government will give its aid to Maharaja Gulab Singh in protecting his territories from external enemies.Article XMaharaja Gulab Singh acknowledges the supremacy of the British Government and will in token of such supremacy present annually to the British Government one horse, twelve perfect shawl goats of approved breed (six male and six female) and three pairs of Kashmiri shawls."

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

People should know that the name of the state is Jammu & Kashmir, of which Kashmir is a region.

Secondly Gulab Singh's ancestors were Rajas of Jammu; their kingdom was conquered by Ranjit Singh of Lahore and he set up Gulab Singh as a semi-independent ruler of Jammu.

The other parts of J&K, like Ladakh and Baltistan were conquered by Gulab Singh's general Zorawar Singh. And while Ranjit Singh of Lahore was a Sikh, both Gulab Singh and Zorawar Singh were Rajputs.